Expressing concession

I. Although/Though/Even though:

Although/Though/Even though is followed by a clause (Subject + Verb):

Example: He stayed up late although he was tired.

II. In spite of/Despite/Notwithstanding

In spite of/Despite can be followed by a Noun phrase: Example: He stayed up late although he was tired.

Despite his tiredness, he stayed up late.

In spite of/Despite can be followed by a V-ing only when the two subjects refer to the same person/thing:

Example: Jackie is a rich man, but he refused to pay for the meal.

In spite of being a rich man, Jackie refused to pay for the meal.

In case we cannot form a Noun, and cannot use V-ing, we can create our own Noun phrase by adding a possessive adjective before V-ing.

Example: Although he works as a doctor, his son dislikes the job.

Despite his working as a doctor, his son dislikes the job.

Notwithstanding can be used in the same way as Despite, or used AFTER a noun phrase:

Example: Although they were inexperienced, they were an immediate success.

Notwithstanding their experience, they were an immediate success.

Although the weather was bad, we proceeded with the plan.

We proceeded with the plan, the bad weather notwithstanding.

III. However/Regardless/Nevertheless/Nonetheless

However/Regardless/Nevertheless/Nonetheless is preceded by a period (.) or a semicolon (;), and followed by a comma (,).'

Example: She is pretty. However, she is not polite towards her classmates.

They are not rich; nevertheless, they have bought two cars so far.

However/Regardless/Nevertheless/Nonetheless sometimes appear after the Subject and before the Verb, usually between two commas (,).

Example: She is pretty. She, however, is not polite towards her classmates.

They are not rich. They, nevertheless, have bought two cars so far.

However/Regardless/Nevertheless/Nonetheless sometimes appear at the end of the sentence, after a comma (,).

Example: She is pretty. She is not polite towards her classmates, however.

They are not rich. They have bought two cars so far, nevertheless.

III. All the same/At the same time:

These phrases mean and work similar to However.

Example: She is pretty. She is not polite towards her classmates, all the same.

They are not rich. At the same time, they have bought two cars so far.

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Expressing reasons